, 27 de febrero de 2017
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicó su primera lista de “patógenos prioritarios” resistentes a los antibióticos, un catálogo de 12 familias de bacterias que representan la más grande amenaza a la salud humana.
La lista fue elaborada en un intento de guiar y promover la investigación y el desarrollo de nuevos antibióticos, como parte de los esfuerzos de la OMS para hacer frente a la creciente resistencia a los medicamentos antimicrobianos.
El documento destaca en particular la amenaza de las llamadas bacterias gramnegativas que son inmunes a múltiples antibióticos. Estos microorganismos tienen capacidades para encontrar nuevas maneras de resistir los medicamentos y pueden transferir su información genética fácilmente lo que permite que también otras bacterias desarrollen estas capacidades.
“Esta lista es una nueva herramienta para asegurar que la investigación y el desarrollo respondan a las necesidades urgentes de salud pública”, aseguró la Dra. Marie-Paule Kieny, Subdirectora General de Sistemas de Salud e Innovación de la OMS. “La resistencia a los antibióticos está aumentando y nos estamos quedando sin opciones de tratamiento. Si confiamos exclusivamente en el desarrollo del mercado, los nuevos antibióticos que necesitamos más urgentemente no van a desarrollarse a tiempo”, agregó.
La lista de la OMS se divide en tres categorías según la urgencia de la necesidad de nuevos antibióticos: crítica, alta y de prioridad media.
El grupo más crítico incluye a las bacterias resistentes a múltiples fármacos que representan una amenaza particular en los hospitales, hogares de ancianos y entre los pacientes cuyos cuidados requieren dispositivos como ventiladores y catéteres de sangre.
El documento tiene como principal objetivo estimular a los gobiernos a implementar políticas que incentiven la ciencia básica y la investigación y el desarrollo avanzada tanto por las agencias públicas como privadas que invierten en nuevos descubrimientos de antibióticos.
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