, 6 de enero de 2017
La diabetes gestacional se presenta cuando los niveles de glucosa se encuentran por arriba de lo normal, es decir más de 72-110 mg/dl, medida con la que se identifica el azúcar en la sangre, lo que aumenta el riesgo de sufrir complicaciones durante el embarazo y el parto. En México 10 por ciento de las mujeres embarazadas la presentan.
Así lo explicó en entrevista el investigador de la Coordinación de Endocrinología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” (INPer), Enrique Reyes Muñoz, quien aseguró que las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de diabetes, de más de 35 años de edad y obesidad, presentan un riesgo de hasta 45 por ciento de desarrollar la enfermedad.
Aseguró que este padecimiento se diagnostica con una muestra de sangre, o a través de la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa, que consiste en tomar muestras de sangre después de haber bebido diferentes soluciones con glucosa y se aplica entre la semana 24 y 28 del embarazo.
El especialista indicó que una vez que se cuenta con el diagnóstico de diabetes el tratamiento incluye una dieta baja en carbohidratos, practicar ejercicio y llevar a cabo el monitoreo de glucosa.
Con estas medidas dijo, el 70 por ciento de las mujeres controlan su glucosa y llevan un embarazo saludable.
Asimismo, informó que el INPer lleva a cabo un estudio en el que se aplica metformina, a las mujeres embarazadas con diabetes gestacional, este fármaco antidiabético se acompaña de tratamiento nutricional.
En este estudio se ha observado que dicho tratamiento reduce de 45 a 10 por ciento la probabilidad de desarrollar el padecimiento.
Recomendó que antes de embarazarse se debe acudir a consulta para evaluar potenciales de riesgo, ya que una persona con sobrepeso debe perder un 10 por ciento de su masa corporal antes de iniciar la gestación.
Abundó que es indispensable que después del embarazo se realicen nuevas pruebas de sangre para determinar si la diabetes desapareció.
Finalmente alertó que ante la epidemia de obesidad y diabetes que afecta a México y al mundo, es fundamental estudiar y realizar intervenciones que mejoren la programación fetal en las futuras generaciones.
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